I wrote this between September 22nd and September 25th 2004...most of it on the the train.
Sitting in a train car far down the endless platform. They really make you walk for the economy fare. As I get on the car, it's left if I'm going to Montreal. The other car attached in front of mine is headed somewhere else I’m told. Probably a Dr. Who train headed to Kansas.
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The date is 22 September 2004. A Wednesday and it’s International Car Free Day. Fitting, considering I’m on a train headed to Toronto. Halifax, law school, amazing folks, the ocean are all being left to Canada's geographical right.
Making the decision when the time came was easy, it was the time leading up to it that was the hardest part. All of a sudden in the Killam library, my values and feelings clicked and the result was made clear. I need to be elsewhere doing elsewhat – ask me about the details in person. I was watching myself go in the door and right back out again. It’s a ridiculously crazy feeling seeing your path turn on a dime.
…damn, dimes are small.
Dream talk (a language I have been working with lately) has featured very prominently in helping me describe my experiences. Dream talk is about communicating sensory-based experiences as we would describe a dream. Other folks have the capacity to dream, so the scenarios I describe elicit a sensory experience in their mind. A connection is made. In some scenarios I am running to the edge of a cliff with a pack on, halting by intuition at the bluff’s weeds, and looking at the torn cord on the back of my parachute. Other times it’s my creative energies, an army battering down the law-wall I constructed to keep them at bay.
The wall is down and I'm on a train to Toronto.
The consequential details of going with my gut were vague ten days ago. Since that time, however, ideas have been pouring in at all times - especially in the shower. The particulars of my actions are taking shape.
This transition is ultimately about my values, my path (however it intends to evolve) and a notion of my role in contributing to the creation of a better world. My hopes for a better world come armed with ideas, humour, persistence, and long hours with words on paper and in my mind. These hopes are founded on the support and experiences I have with inspirators, family, solid friends and, of course, my bicycle.
Organizing my ideas and feelings about why I feel my path has turned on a dime is difficult. Expectations both self-imposed and externally perceived, old habits, unanswered questions, a longing for understanding and maximizing of the self, and the unrelenting effort it takes to stay conscious all seem to scream at me at once. Lao Tse teaches in the Tao Te Ching that The Ocean Refuses No River, that the key to existence, is to be in a constant state of departure without ever actually arriving. Thinking about my journey in this way helps me see the value of openness, effort and time. That is, there is no certainty, only trust. Trust in the message from within that overrides all else.
I don’t want to lose you here. Let’s get at the concrete factors that are at play.
I often ask myself what values or components help contribute to building a better world? My inquiry into this question lies “not in a mass answer, but in a mass of answers” (from Colin Ward: Being Local). What I have learned from literature, stories and my own experiences is the usefulness of a local ecological model that considers human relationships, not just in the context of nature, but with all aspects of society. The basis of this model asserts that ecosystems, communities, and localities vary from each other in a multitude of subtle and brazen ways. Things like social values, political leanings, languages and ‘sub-languages’, geographical outlay, weather, history, human physiologies, educational needs, economies, art, olfactography, etc. (the tangibles and intangibles of a place and it’s inhabitants) span a very wide spectrum. We would have to be blind and crazy to believe that one system, one approach will best suit the needs of all communities in any given geopolitical boundary.
In order to ground this perspective to something more familiar, I often think about the learning schematic Del often uses for illustrating student-directed learning and ‘one size fits all’ learning. The following is my adaptation of it (see bottom of message, or perhaps it will show here).
Total Bummer
Under what I termed ‘totalitarian education’, there is only one learning structure that students must abide by in order to reach a certain outcome. The outcome can usually be thought of as a specific knowledge and skill set in whatever is being studied. Characteristics of this model typically include a standardized curriculum, lecturing by a teacher/expert to a mostly passive student audience, standardized regurgitation of details and concepts on tests and exams (note the emphasis being placed on key word counts in the marking of exams), a de-emphasis on going outside the course materials, and a general discouragement of questions and collaboration on assignments.
The problem, however, is that we all have different learning needs, varied skill levels, mottled learning goals and interests. To expect that placing a ‘one size fits all’ on all students will produce the intended outcome is a false hope. Even if you put 90 straight-A students into a first-year biology class, you will never achieve the one outcome being attempted (that is, the acquisition of a specific knowledge base and skill set). The large spread between how these students perform on assessments is a clear indicator of the disjunct between the educational agenda and the desired outcome.
I expect that we all wish to nurture competency, inquiry, and self-sufficiency in life-long learning. If so, the totalitarian model must be rejected as the dominant norm for it does not allow students (or better yet, ‘learners’) to be active, creative, and self-directing throughout the learning process.
One critique of the current system is that education is an effective tool for developing a compliant citizenry (Field Day, Matt Hern). Compliancy to what? Compliancy to the ideas and values explored in the classroom at the discretion of the professor, and at the elementary/secondary levels; the provincial government. Questions that challenge the substance of the curriculum are threatening to those with a vested interest in the entrenchment of that substance. We are brought up in the classroom without critiques of governance, transportation, economics, health care, etc. The compliant approach is reinforced with the sound of a bell and ensures pacification with neutral texts approved by government controlled school boards. The outcome our government and corporations are after is a citizenry who have an education that serves their needs. Anyone notice the faculties that get the most university funding and grants? Has anyone looked at the recent requisites in the elementary and high-school curricula? Scary stuff.
Although there is still much to be articulated on this point, my recent inquiry into the works of folks like Rousseau, Tolstoy, and Gatto being to show how this compliancy is an effective way of creating a society of unquestioning, uncreative, bored and passive consumers.
Another response I have heard is that the totalitarian model is an issue of administrative convenience. “Too many students, too little time, too little resources”. In this neo-conservative era of fiscal prudence, funding cut-backs for education across the board, a sizable near-retirement professor base, a heightened demand for university degrees (yup, 80% of the new jobs being created in Canada in the next 10 years will require a university degree), the situation might not seem so unexpected. One professor for 500 students isn’t as costly as one professor for 30 students. Letting the students ‘run wild’ with their own learning might appear to place a severe burden on the system – who and what monitoring system is going to be there making sure that each student is learning what they need to be? This argument has a number of faults. I only have enough time here to discuss three of them.
1. Continuing education costs – If we fail to cultivate life-long learners, the expectation that paid educators and institutions are necessary for learning will continue to perpetuate the need for costly educational resources.
2. Hoop jumping. The totalitarian approach requires that students fulfill a wide array of prerequisite courses before they are ‘eligible’ to take other courses or enter a specific program. It’s not really a question of whether students are capable of advancement, but whether or not they can jump the administrative hoops. My problem here is the amount of time, energy and resources that are wasted in the process. If I want to do medicine, why do I need to take a full year of organic chemistry to apply to med schools? Is it so I can jump through other hoops (ie. MCAT)? Are the knowledge and skill sets derived from this course diverse enough to account for how students intend to use organic chemistry? This last question is important for it probes a) the amount of filler thrown at us to learn and b) the appropriateness of using a narrow agenda to reach a narrow outcome. Fewer useless hoops, fewer resources spent inappropriately.
3. Institutional. I often think how learning can be done outside the classroom and in the community. Through our participation in a learning-focused endeavour, either self-started or under an existing structure, we are contributing to our communities. A social trade is being made. The classroom with all its furnishings isn’t a necessary expenditure if learners are learning elsewhere. True, we can’t expect this to happen for all students, all the time, as classrooms are still important and community resources are limited.
There is at least one serious question that needs to be addressed. How can we be assured that someone has the required knowledge and skills to competently and professionally assume certain responsibilities? This is a critical question considering we know many folks headed towards a profession in medicine.
Standards need to exist, benchmarks by which we can measure capacity to enact the knowledge and skills in question. Surgery, working with kids, building a house, etc. requires competent folks. Assessment in the context of standards and benchmarking is immensely helpful both for those keeping the gate, for establishing trust in someone’s abilities, and I would argue that it is most important for the self. For a more detailed explanation, ask me about Kolb’s learning circle sometime.
Transition
One of the reasons why I am turning away from law school is because of how well it fits the totalitarian model. I knew what to expect before I started, but retrospectively I thought that I could deal with it or change it. After my first few classes I saw my core values clash head on with the law machine. I needed to go in the doors, taste the cheese (and take a couple of pounds of it), meet the folks. I was at the meeting ground of my ideas, values, and creativity with the thorny path of law. What am I really after here? The inner dude spoke up at a good time. Or maybe I just happened to be listening. Just in listening I found an acceptance of myself without any question.
Just two days ago I was in the law office sitting with the assistant dean. She wasn’t surprised that I wanted to leave, but sad that my energy would not be present to shake things up. She wholeheartedly agreed that law school is using archaic and inappropriate pedagogical approaches despite the vast body of literature cracking through the walls of the traditional Harvard case-method.
I wrote earlier about sharing my values that form a vision of a better world. As you might have guessed, those values are not structured in a totalitarian way. But to say that a mere awareness of the faults of this model is reason enough to reject law school, to reject an approach to life, would be purely cynical and devoid of hope.
Thank goodness for ecology.
Eco-Freako
The train moves into the night. Spatters of distant lights flicker between the trees from unknown places in New Brunswick. Quebec is around the corner. I hear a mishmash of English and Quebecois from seats down the aisle. A Montrealer with a hoarse accent asks the stewardess if the bar car is open. ‘Too rowdy’ she says, ‘we had to close it down a long time ago’. He orders two beers from the treat trolley, one for himself and one for the man dragged into sitting through his ranting. Me thinks he’ll be drinking both beers.
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The ‘ecological’ model I show above mirrors the inquiry process used to form the basis for the B.H.Sc. Programme. Each of us has specific learning needs, and as such, we need to build skills that foster those needs. This involves a slew of concepts that still form this loose mush in our minds; reflection, evaluation, synthesis, resource appraisal and acquisition, question generation and refinement, collaboration and group skills, etc. Many of us took the same courses together and we often read the same materials. The outcome, however, is varied across the board. The knowledge and skill sets derived from an inquiry experience are what they should be - expectedly different from person to person.
This model has really grown on me because of its applicability. There are a multitude of systems in our lives that attempt to serve the needs of society and it’s important to look at how we are organizing those systems. Think briefly about the some of the various systems we rely upon on a daily basis:
A. Food
B. Transportation of people and goods
C. Governance
D. Residence
E. Employment
F. Economic activity and consumption
G. Energy
Under the auspices of the ‘inevitable globalized world’, we are seeing many of these life support systems becoming, or are already working in a centralized and homogenized fashion. This centralization is a direct reproduction of the Totalitarian Education model I described above. In the name of efficiency, we have lost local values and our voices in making decision about how we need to live our lives.
On average, food travels 2400km from its source to reach the markets in Chicago. Children grow up in a suburban life populated by box stores, boxed transport, and boxed education without ever having to interact with nature. Many of our consumer products are made halfway around the world by companies that exploit workers, support tyrannical government regimes, and plunder natural resources without concern for ecological health. Yeah, we’ve heard this all before. We’re saturated with information documenting the plunder of the planet.
How do we change our current state of affairs? Better leadership, more consultation with the public, tighter regulations on corporate activity, more investment in sustainable technologies and practices? Yes, these things do need to happen, but are insufficient if they are still taking place under a totalitarian model. It’s like making an ‘inquiry’ lab a part of the first year biology curriculum. What I am proposing is the construction of an ecological model that allows communities and localities to determine what their needs are and be central players in meeting those needs. Not just life-long learning, but life-long living that is based on sufficiency and determination of the self and the community.
Okay, so what do these communities look like? Don’t we already have them? Yes, but they are predominantly geo-political structures that are increasingly segmented into performing many tasks that don’t serve local needs. Think about this in context of education. Students are required by law to attend state-sanctioned institutions to perform tasks that don’t relate to the needs of students. Like the school-system, the current conception of the community is designed to create compliancy to the needs of government and corporate interest. By turning the basics of life into objects of ownership by the state and corporation, communities are required to tow the line in order to access those basics. The Bechutel water privatization story in Bolivia (as shown in The Corporation) is a striking example.
Instead, the size, structure and activity of a community should be a function of:
a. geographical location
b. eco-system capacity to:
• provide natural ‘resources’ and energy for production and consumption
• perform ‘services’ such as carbon-sinking and water filtration
• handle wastes
c. demographics
d. cultural/social values
e. relationships with other communities in context of collaboration and externalities
It is only after a careful consideration of these factors that we will be able to construct governance, education and business to serve those needs. Why would we expect government, education, and business to decide those needs for the citizen? Are people not creative and resourceful enough to serve their own needs anymore?
I still need to address a few issues here. First, I am not describing a world of isolated communities all doing their own thing. As was necessary in the inquiry setting, there is a great deal of collaboration involved in the meeting of needs. A collaborative process is essential to finding points of common unity (community = common unity). The process also allows for the dissent, disagreement, and debate required for democracy and maintenance of local values. In inquiry, ideas and tasks are shared between learners to make the process more fruitful for all involved. The idea is not to divide and isolate knowledge and skills between individuals. Groups can effectively build knowledge and skills as a whole and still allow for individual learning autonomy. Second, this is not about the displacement of government and corporate structures. Their healthy role is secondary in that they should serve the ecological needs of citizens. Government should have a role that is akin to Del (although I don’t know how many us would actually ever elect Del to a role with serious responsibility) and be present as a resource and facilitator of the ecological processes. Corporations and business can resemble the administrative component of the university, which is a business that should be present to serve the learning needs of the academic and surrounding communities. I question how much we are currently using the academic community to support the interests of the university in context of corporate research and investment.
Where to from here?
Later on in the evening as the older folks drift off in their tight train seats, the Montrealer’s voice grows louder and more incoherent. He proclaims casually about his recent two-hour conversation with Jesus. I hear a pill bottle jostle in his hands. Some are popped down a gruff throat. An argument between a steward and the man rouses half the car. He is soon dropped off at a station in the middle of Quebec at three in morning; six Amqui police officers wait with smiles. Cargo, crew and passengers finally get some sleep as the kip-less train tugs steel into the black.
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This was written on a train quite quickly and organically, so the questions you have about gaps in my ideas is well warranted. I wrote this to stimulate discussion. My plan is to ground, focus, expand and rework these ideas. This may likely preoccupy me for the rest of my life. It’s possible that I will return to an institution for learning, but I know more clearly what terms I can and can’t compromise on. I saw a master’s program at OISE (UofT) that would allow me to do research on inquiry education in context of environmental issues. Who knows? Right now, absolutely anything can happen.